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Home  /  Forum  /  Grondstoffen  /  Sunrise Energy Metals (eerder CleanTeQ)

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Sunrise Energy Metals (eerder CleanTeQ)

41 Posts
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  1. [verwijderd] 26 juni 2018 08:36
    quote:

    DeZwarteRidder schreef op 26 juni 2018 08:19:

    [...]
    CleanTeq is een heel mooi bedrijf, maar erg duur en behoorlijk riskant vanwege problemen die kunnen ontstaan bij het opstarten van een grote nieuwe mijn.
    jawel,daarom ook nog niet teveel kopen en niet teveel tegelijk.

    Produktie nog ver weg ook.

    Maar lange termijn kan t interessant bedrijf zijn mede doordat in safer politiek land bevindt met de goede grondstoffen voor EV revolutie.

    En kansen schoonwater technology.

    Maar kan idd langere zit worden dan gedacht.
  6. ubu 8 juli 2019 21:07
    www.miningweekly.com/article/the-us-a...

    8TH JULY 2019 BY: BLOOMBERG

    The US and Europe are getting more anxious about EV battery shortages

    MELBOURNE – Automakers to trading houses from North America to Europe are becoming more concerned about future supply shortages of key materials needed for electric vehicle batteries as spending on new production soars, according to the developer of a $1.5-billion project in Australia.

    More than a dozen parties have now expressed interest in taking up as much as a 50% stake in Clean TeQ Holdings’ Sunrise nickel/cobalt/scandium project, CEO Sam Riggall said Monday in an interview. They include companies in regions that until recently had shown less impetus to tie up raw material supplies.

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    “It’s dawning on North America and Europe that there’s a raw materials issue that needs to be addressed here,” Riggall said by phone. “For the previous two years, I’ve been wearing out a lot of shoe leather and banging on a lot of doors trying to get interest in Europe and North America with very little success. In the last six months things have changed quite dramatically.”

    Volkswagen in May picked Sweden’s Northvolt as a partner to start production of battery cells for electric cars, while the German and French governments have pledged funding and political support for efforts to spur a European battery manufacturing industry. In the US, the number of battery electric models available to consumers is forecast to double by the end of 2021, according to BloombergNEF.

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    Melbourne-based Clean TeQ, which said last month it had appointed Macquarie Group to run a process to identify a partner, is seeking final offers for a stake in the Sunrise project by the end of September, and will aim to complete any sale by the end of the year, according to Riggall.

    China’s grip on lithium-ion battery cell manufacturing is forecast to loosen through 2025, as new capacity is added close to demand centers in the US and Europe, BNEF said in a May report.

    The scale of planned investments in electric lineups means both automakers and related industries in Europe and North America are focusing on how to secure future supplies of battery-grade nickel -- and also on ensuring there’s sufficient cobalt after the market tightens from about 2021 to 2022, Riggall said. “Their minds are being forced to turn to raw materials,” he said. “They are seeing significant risks on that side of the business.”

    There’s a looming shortage of nickel sulfate, the material used for battery products, with demand forecast to outstrip planned new capacity, BNEF said in a July 2 report. Cobalt demand may also top global supply from about 2025, according to the note.

    Cobalt prices have tumbled since early 2018 on new supply from incumbent producers in the Democratic Republic of Congo, and as some battery makers seek to reduce the amount of the metal in their packs. Nickel has declined about 11% on the London Metal Exchange in the past year.

    Clean TeQ is targeting commerical production at the Sunrise project, with a forecast mine life of more than 40 years, from 2022, Riggall said.
  7. Osho 8 juli 2019 22:53
    quote:

    maurice73 schreef op 8 juli 2019 21:07:

    www.miningweekly.com/article/the-us-a...

    8TH JULY 2019 BY: BLOOMBERG

    The US and Europe are getting more anxious about EV battery shortages

    MELBOURNE – Automakers to trading houses from North America to Europe are becoming more concerned about future supply shortages of key materials needed for electric vehicle batteries as spending on new production soars, according to the developer of a $1.5-billion project in Australia.

    More than a dozen parties have now expressed interest in taking up as much as a 50% stake in Clean TeQ Holdings’ Sunrise nickel/cobalt/scandium project, CEO Sam Riggall said Monday in an interview. They include companies in regions that until recently had shown less impetus to tie up raw material supplies.

    ADVERTISEMENT

    “It’s dawning on North America and Europe that there’s a raw materials issue that needs to be addressed here,” Riggall said by phone. “For the previous two years, I’ve been wearing out a lot of shoe leather and banging on a lot of doors trying to get interest in Europe and North America with very little success. In the last six months things have changed quite dramatically.”

    Volkswagen in May picked Sweden’s Northvolt as a partner to start production of battery cells for electric cars, while the German and French governments have pledged funding and political support for efforts to spur a European battery manufacturing industry. In the US, the number of battery electric models available to consumers is forecast to double by the end of 2021, according to BloombergNEF.

    ADVERTISEMENT

    Melbourne-based Clean TeQ, which said last month it had appointed Macquarie Group to run a process to identify a partner, is seeking final offers for a stake in the Sunrise project by the end of September, and will aim to complete any sale by the end of the year, according to Riggall.

    China’s grip on lithium-ion battery cell manufacturing is forecast to loosen through 2025, as new capacity is added close to demand centers in the US and Europe, BNEF said in a May report.

    The scale of planned investments in electric lineups means both automakers and related industries in Europe and North America are focusing on how to secure future supplies of battery-grade nickel -- and also on ensuring there’s sufficient cobalt after the market tightens from about 2021 to 2022, Riggall said. “Their minds are being forced to turn to raw materials,” he said. “They are seeing significant risks on that side of the business.”

    There’s a looming shortage of nickel sulfate, the material used for battery products, with demand forecast to outstrip planned new capacity, BNEF said in a July 2 report. Cobalt demand may also top global supply from about 2025, according to the note.

    Cobalt prices have tumbled since early 2018 on new supply from incumbent producers in the Democratic Republic of Congo, and as some battery makers seek to reduce the amount of the metal in their packs. Nickel has declined about 11% on the London Metal Exchange in the past year.

    Clean TeQ is targeting commerical production at the Sunrise project, with a forecast mine life of more than 40 years, from 2022, Riggall said.

    Mooi bericht. Even geduld, maar er komt een deal/JV aan. Zit erin aan 0,42 cent.
  8. ubu 11 oktober 2019 23:35
    www.miningweekly.com/article/cleanteq...

    CleanTeQ transitions Sunrise to EPCM model, terminates MCC contract

    The behind-schedule Sunrise battery materials complex, in central New South Wales, Australia, will be ready for a final investment decision (FID) by the middle of next year, owner CleanTeQ said on Friday, announcing that the project would transition to a conventional engineering, procurement and construction management (EPCM) execution approach.

    The ASX- and TSX-listed company explained that the project was behind schedule because it had not been able to agree on a number of design, procurement, contracting and project execution matters with contractor Metallurgical Corporation of China (MCC).

    As a result, the parties had agreed to terminate the MCC front-end engineering design services agreement and the engineering, procurement and construction heads of agreement.

    “The project is best served by a delivery model that provides Clean TeQ with a higher degree of control over key aspects of project execution and management,” the project developer said.

    Under an EPCM, Clean TeQ would select a contractor to provide management services for the project, oversee the appointment of subcontractors to supply major plant and equipment packages and construct the process plant and associated project infrastructure.

    The company said that the EPCM model would tightly manage the cost and schedule risk by delivering about 65% of the cost of the process plant by subcontractors and vendors under fixed price contracts, with performance guarantees on the packages.

    Fluor Australia, as the Sunrise project management contractor, would deliver a comprehensive project execution plan. Fluor is already engaged on engineering activities for the project and has been part of the integrated engineering team working with MCC in Beijing for the past four months.

    The scope of work for the integrated Fluor and Clean TeQ team includes systematic collation and review of all the feasibility, engineering and project development work undertaken for the project to date.

    The project execution plan would include an updated capital cost estimate for the project, incorporating input from design engineering work to date, and a revised master schedule for the engineering, procurement, construction and commissioning of the project.

    Prior to making a FID, Clean TeQ would select an EPCM contractor for the engineering, procurement and construction phase of the project.

    A FID is subject to financing and Clean TeQ reported that there was global interest in the project, which is one of the largest, lowest-cost and development-ready nickel/cobalt projects in the world.

    In June, Clean TeQ announced that it had appointed Macquarie Capital to run a partnering process for the Sunrise complex. The decision to commence the partnering process followed numerous inbound enquiries from a range of parties in the electric vehicle supply chain in relation to both project level ownership, long-term offtake and other financing arrangements.

    Strong metal price movements in recent months - with nickel prices up 45% over the past year and cobalt up around 40% from recent lows - has prompted increasing interest from the battery and automotive supply chains seeking to identify and secure long-term sourcing options for battery-grade nickel and cobalt sulphate, starting within the 2023 to 2025 timeframe.
  10. ubu 15 februari 2021 12:03
    www.northernminer.com/news/interview-...

    Interview: Clean TeQ’s Sunrise battery materials complex in Australia is construction ready

    Clean TeQ’s (ASX: CLQ; US-OTC: CTEQF) Sunrise project in New South Wales, Australia, is one of the largest nickel/cobalt deposits in the world and one of the largest and highest grade accumulations of scandium ever discovered. The project has proven and probable reserves of 143.3 million tonnes grading 0.59% nickel, 0.10% cobalt and 47 parts per million of scandium for 843,000 tonnes of contained nickel, 142,000 tonnes of cobalt and 10,300 tonnes of scandium oxide – enough ore reserves to support a mine life of more than 50 years. The project envisions delivering 2.5 million tonnes of ore to the leach circuit every year. Nickel and cobalt production will be refined on site to either battery grade sulphate or, as envisaged in the latest phase of studies, cathode precursor for the global lithium ion battery market. Production will support anywhere between 1-2 million electric vehicles per year. In addition to the nickel and cobalt, the Sunrise mineral resource contains enough scandium to produce 16 million tonnes of aluminum-scandium alloy, the company says.

    Average annual (metal equivalent) production rates in the first decade of the mine life are forecast to total 21,293 tonnes a year of nickel and 4,366 tonnes of cobalt. Capex, including a contingency, is forecast to come in at about US$1.83 billion. Average annual post-tax free cash flow is estimated at US$306 million on revenues over the life of mine of US$16.3 billion, based on US$24,200 per tonne nickel (inclusive of sulphate premia); US$59,200 per tonne cobalt; and US$1,500 per kilogram of scandium oxide. At an 8% discount rate, Sunrise is expected to generate a post-tax net present value of US$1.21 billion, a post-tax internal rate of return of 15.4% and pay back the capex in just over five years.

    The Northern Miner recently caught up with Clean TeQ’s Melbourne-based CEO Sam Riggall, and asked him for an update on the project and his outlook for nickel and cobalt markets.

    The Northern Miner: An integrated Clean TeQ/Fluor engineering team completed a project execution plan for the Sunrise project late last year. How far along are you with the project now?

    Sam Riggall: The project is permitted and ready to commence development. We delivered the Project Execution Plan in September 2020, which updated the definitive feasibility study (DFS) with a significant amount of engineering — in fact, we’ve spent about A$70-A$80 million (US$53-61 million) in the past 18 months —to ensure we’ve front-end loaded the project for successful delivery. Construction will take about three years. So the focus now is on financing. We have a strong consortium of international banks on the debt side, targeting gearing of about 50% for the project.

    On the equity side, we are looking for one or more strategic partners into whose supply chain Sunrise can be fully integrated, with a view to controlling and driving down battery raw material costs. This includes cell manufacturers, cathode producers, auto original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and trading houses, all of whom are looking for long-term, safe and reliable supply of battery materials. Electric vehicles demand new approaches to supply chain management, which is reflected in Sunrise’s design philosophy. Overall, the project is in really good shape. It is a large, unique asset in a market that needs ridiculous volumes of these key metals.

    TNM: Clean TeQ says without controlling nickel and cobalt costs there is no economic EV strategy. And Sunrise will have negative C1 cash cost per lb. of nickel after by-product credits over the first 25 years of its mine life. How can Clean TeQ keep the cost so low?

    Riggall: Recent estimates suggest nickel and cobalt use in batteries will need to grow, respectively, at 35% and 20% annually over the next decade, mostly because of electric vehicle demand. These are growth rates that these metal markets have never encountered, let alone sustained. When you look at the global pipeline of new nickel and cobalt projects it’s difficult to see where this metal is coming from, even if you anticipate high incentive prices. In our view, metal consultants and industry analysts are playing a very dangerous game, having little regard to the development challenges for these two metals when assessing the true potential of industry project pipelines. This is not lithium, where resources are geologically abundant, in safer parts of the world and with relatively low capital intensity. So, in a market that is on the cusp of explosive growth, the nickel and cobalt cupboard is relatively bare, a fact that we believe is not well understood in the boardrooms of the global automakers. But even if we assume individual OEMs can secure the metal they need over the next decade or two, they are horribly exposed to metal price volatility. We estimate that for a battery plant the size of Tesla’s Gigafactory in Nevada, a move back to historic high nickel and cobalt prices adds about US$1.8 billion in additional nickel and cobalt procurement costs, when compared to fully integrating raw material supply with a cost structure similar to Sunrise. It adds about US$50 per kilowatt hour to pack costs, which is simply unsustainable.

    The reason Sunrise has a negative nickel cash cost is that it benefits from exceptionally high cobalt by-product credits. The project’s cobalt-to-nickel ratio is between three and five times higher than existing laterite operations today, so at today’s cobalt price, our cobalt revenue would cover all our cash production costs. We also benefit from very low acid consumption given the relative absence of alkali minerals in the resource. Sunrise is one of the largest, if not the largest, cobalt resources in the world outside the DRC.

    TNM: Are you concerned at all about new or evolving battery technologies that might use less cobalt or perhaps none at all?

    Riggall: Despite battery manufacturers wanting to reduce their dependence on cobalt it is still extremely important. We still see significant interest in cobalt when discussing offtake for Sunrise, which suggests to us that, despite the public announcements, most OEMs see it having a role in their future cell chemistries. We should also recognise the good work that the auto and mining industries are doing to raise awareness of supply chain issues in DRC and working to fix them. For those OEMs who don’t want to manage that risk, a project like Sunrise provides an alternative.

    Cobalt thrifting has a downside, by doing little more than rearranging the deckchairs on the Titanic. Because in an NMC811 chemistry you replace cobalt with nickel, a 10% increase in nickel prices now has a four times greater impact on cell cost than an equivalent 10% increase in cobalt prices. Of course, there is always the option to migrate to chemistries with no nickel or cobalt, such as lithium-iron-phosphate (LFP) or lithium-manganese-oxide (LMO).

    But there are significant trade-offs in energy density, stability and power that need to be managed. In a competitive market where vehicle range is going to be a critical differentiator for first-time EV purchasers, we think nickel/cobalt chemistries will have a large market share. Likewise, some people hope that step-change technologies, such as solid-state batteries, will solve the problem without ever recognising that they usually contain the same cathode metals.
  12. ubu 15 februari 2021 12:05
    TNM: What are the current dynamics around cobalt supply?

    Riggall: It’s hard to identify where future cobalt supply is going to come from, even under the most conservative EV forecasts. Bear in mind that, as a by-product, companies rarely decide to build a new cobalt mine. It is usually copper and nickel pricing that drives the economics of new cobalt supply, which adds an additional layer of complexity for forecasts. The DRC will remain the key source of supply for the foreseeable future because geologically there is no alternative. But as I said earlier, we expect the supply chain in DRC to mature and provide a level of transparency and assurance that automakers will eventually be comfortable with. And that would be a great outcome for a country that needs foreign investment and communities that will benefit from new industrial development.

    Rarely mentioned are other markets for cobalt. Cobalt is a non-substitutable metal in high temperature super-alloys for jet aircraft engines, both civilian and defense. Likewise, it’s important in some chemical industry applications. As you can imagine, for a country like the United States, as the world’s largest manufacturer of advanced jet aircraft engines, almost 100% reliance on DRC mining and Chinese refining creates some supply chain vulnerabilities and strategic dependencies.

    With new and recommissioned mine developments in DRC over coming years we expect the cobalt market to be relatively well balanced until 2023/2024. Beyond that it is hard to see what other projects are available. That’s where Sunrise is important. It will rank in the top 10 cobalt producers globally — the largest outside DRC — which provides alternatives for customers looking for lower risk. New laterite developments in Indonesia will also provide some additional tonnage in the near term, but we expect some of these projects to be delayed and over budget, now the Indonesian government has banned deep sea tailings disposal. If you’re a director of a global automaker, the first question you should be asking your management and procurement teams is: do we have enough nickel and cobalt for the back half of this decade? While supply-demand curves look at metal balances in a given year, procurement discussions for those metals can commence many years earlier, and you may therefore find markets tightening much faster than expected. I think we are starting to see some of that now reflected in strong moves with metal pricing.

    TNM: Where you do see prices for nickel heading over the next few years?

    Riggall: We know the nickel market well, but we don’t have a better crystal ball than anyone else. That said, of all the battery metals, nickel is the one that will really hurt the auto sector. What we do know is two things — future nickel supply for EVs depends heavily on development of laterite resources, and laterite development is capital intensive and slow. There just aren’t any quality nickel sulfide resources in the world right now that could deliver what the car industry needs. Capital intensity for laterite development is, we believe, between US$50,000 and US$60,000 per tonne of installed nickel capacity. We think that’s realistic given the complexity of these projects, including what we’ve seen built by China in the past. Despite the claims that Chinese companies in Indonesia can do it at a fraction of the cost, half the time and with lower risk, that remains to be demonstrated. What all this suggests to us is that nickel prices will need to move closer to invective pricing, about US$25,000 per tonne, if there is to be a global EV industry. My bet is that it will go quite a bit higher.

    TNM: You believe that nickel oxide deposits (laterites) will be the major source of nickel and cobalt for future EV supply chains and that they require higher incentive prices to develop. Why is there such scarcity of nickel sulphide projects?

    Riggall: They are geologically scarce. Except for a few district-scale discoveries that the world has been exploiting for many decades, nickel sulfide discoveries tend to be high grade, but small and localised. Because they often have a short mine life development risk is high because they are vulnerable to missing longer price cycles. You’re not going to solve the nickel supply problem for EVs with nickel sulfide projects.

    On the other side people say that laterites are too expensive and complex. And some of them have a poor track record of delivery. But that is exactly why projects like Sunrise are important. We need to develop capability in building and operating assets like this. The companies that do this, and develop valuable intellectual property (IP) and know-how in the process, will be incredibly well positioned to ride the wave of a decarbonising economy. But if we continue to do the same things we’ve always done, we will make the same mistakes. That’s why Sunrise has been designed using a very different philosophy — never viewed it as a mine, but part of an integrated automotive supply chain solution.
  13. ubu 15 februari 2021 12:06
    TNM: Where do you see cobalt prices in a year or two?

    Riggall: Like nickel, closer to incentive prices. Maybe US$60,000 per tonne. But again, no one has a crystal ball. It is far better to focus on the cost structure of projects in the pipeline, than where you think metal prices are going to be. On that metric, with a negative nickel cash cost, Sunrise stacks up exceptionally well. You need projects that will generate cash throughout the economic cycle.

    TNM: You’ve mentioned a couple of times the design philosophy for Sunrise. Can you explain what you mean by that?

    Riggall: Most people have yet to truly understand the impact that electrification and decarbonisation will have across the global economy, whether in transport, grid-scale power, and even manufacturing. The implications for mining are extraordinary and I’m not sure that even the mining industry fully appreciates this yet. When we talk about the design philosophy for Sunrise, it’s how to build and operate a project that acknowledges this emerging reality, incorporates input from customers and delivers a plan for how to do things cheaper and better. We had the option to build another nickel mine producing low value intermediate products or servicing steel makers. We chose a different path.

    Clean TeQ’s expertise is in materials separation and extraction using ion exchange, specifically hydrometallurgy. We developed our proprietary IX systems — originally in partnership with BHP and Vale — to produce high concentration solutions of nickel and cobalt. We did this because we believe this is the lowest risk and lowest cost approach to producing high value metal units for the battery industry. Keeping metal in solution gives us degrees of freedom in extraction and purification, such as the ability to keep nickel and cobalt together in solution for cathode precursor manufacture, without the need to precipitate out and crystallise intermediate or separate products. The savings here are very significant.

    The mine and plant have been designed to run on 100% renewable power, which will give it one of the lowest carbon footprints in the nickel industry — a 50%-75% lower carbon footprint than current nickel laterite producers. The life of mine carbon saving is equivalent to taking one million gasoline cars off the road for an entire year.

    With input from the auto sector, we have designed our refinery to be able to accommodate a significant recycling stream to recover nickel, cobalt and potentially also lithium. In principle, we want to be able to take back the metal we sell and resurrect it for our customers for a second, third and fourth use. While we expect mechanical recycling technologies to improve with time, it’s the chemical recycling and the wet chemistry we are focused on. If you think about it logically, the best place to purify and recover metal is the place that generated it in the first place — the capital has been sunk, it delivers a known and consistent product and it can provide an assurance about the recycled content of the products it sells.

    Finally, we shouldn’t ignore scandium. If there is a metal that will ultimately transform the automotive and aerospace sectors, it is aluminum-scandium alloys. It is stronger, weldable and more printable than existing aluminum alloys, in an era when the aluminum content in vehicles is growing at a rapid rate. Sometimes the best way to improve the range of an electric car is simply to make it lighter, not to give it a bigger battery.

    So this is what we mean by a philosophy of design — cost, carbon and re-use. There is nothing new or risky in this approach; it integrates proven processes to deliver a plug and play solution for these new EV supply chains.

    TNM: Are companies in the EV supply chain receptive to your approach at Sunrise?

    Riggall: Yes, we are certainly seeing interest. Proposals that can substantially reduce cost and risk are always welcome.

    That said, what we are advocating requires far greater integration across supply chains than currently exists today. If you are large global automaker trying to manage supply and pricing risk around the technology that sits at the heart of your consumer offering, it would be unwise to build your strategy on the hope that the metal will be there and at the right price.

    Of course, it doesn’t mean you need to own a mine. There are contracting structures that can deliver the long-term certainty that the auto industry needs, while underwriting new supply growth. Already we are seeing carmakers and mining companies interact directly on supply issues, and over time we expect a more strategic approach to connecting the bookends of these supply chains.
  15. ubu 23 maart 2021 14:10
    im-mining.com/2021/03/22/clean-teq-wa...

    Clean TeQ Water to test BIONEX water treatment solution in Inner Mongolia
    Posted by Daniel Gleeson on 22nd March 2021

    Clean TeQ Water says it has been awarded a contract to design, procure, deliver and install a BIONEX water treatment plant at a coal mine in Inner Mongolia, China.

    Clean TeQ Managing Director, Sam Riggall, said: “We have persisted for a long time to make inroads into the very large Chinese water treatment market. As we move towards the proposed demerger of our water business later this year, it is pleasing to see that we have achieved some initial success in that important market as we continue to make good progress on our goal of growing revenues.”

    The BIONEX solution is a combination of the company’s Continuous Ionic Filtration and BIOCLENS (bacteria encapsulated in a protective PVA lens) technologies, which, the company says, has been demonstrated to be highly effective for removal of nitrate from wastewater.

    “This market is growing rapidly due to increasingly strict regulation and increasing safety concerns over the disposal of waste waters with even very low levels of nitrate,” CleanTeq said. “Nitrate removal from water effluent is a significant challenge throughout China.”

    The plant has been designed to treat and remove nitrate from 12,000 cu.m /d of coal mine in-pit ground water to below 1 parts per million in order to comply with local regulations governing the disposal of mine water.

    The contract, which is valued at approximately A$2 million ($1.55 million), has been awarded to the company’s wholly owned Beijing-based subsidiary by Beijing Beihua Zhongqing Environment Engineering Technology Co Ltd. (BHZQ). BHZQ is a subsidiary of Beijing Enterprise Water Group (BEWG).

    BEWG is a diversified water company focused on operating water assets throughout China. It is also one of the largest water treatment companies in Asia, CleanTeQ said, adding that BHZQ had expressed an interest in ongoing cooperation once this first BIONEX plant is successfully commissioned.

    Once completed, this application will be the company’s first ever large-scale application of BIONEX in China.
  16. ubu 23 maart 2021 14:13
    www.spglobal.com/platts/en/market-ins...

    Rising EV-grade nickel demand fuels interest in risky HPAL process

    As analysts and industry participants warn of a looming shortage of battery-grade nickel, there is an ample pipeline of projects employing high-pressure acid leach (HPAL) technology to produce nickel chemicals. But scrutiny of the process is also growing, after some facilities ran into difficulties or produced less than expected.

    HPAL has its advantages, particularly given a lack of options to convert low-grade nickel laterite ore—the form that represents the larger share of the world's resources. However, several challenges—including high capital expenditure (capex) and environmental impact—may not only slow down its adoption, but also lead some projects to failure, sources said.

    HPAL is the process used to recover nickel and cobalt separately from each other, from low-grade nickel oxide laterite ores. Several HPAL projects have already been unsuccessful so far in converting low-grade nickel laterite ore into premium material.

    [Grafiekje]

    One of the most discussed examples recently was Goro in New Caledonia, which was purchased by mining giant Vale in 2006. The original $1.5 billion capex surged to $4.5 billion to support a 60,000 mt/year nickel oxide and mixed hydroxide precipitate (MHP) operation. Nameplate capacity was hardly reached after a ramp-up that took two years longer than expected due to the complexity of the HPAL facility.

    After incurring sequential yearly losses, Vale put its stake up for sale in 2017. However, as potential buyers walked away from the deal, the miner announced in September 2020 it would place the operation under care and maintenance "in preparation for a possible shutdown of the operation, should no sustainable solution be found in the coming months."

    Rising nickel prices due to battery demand led to First Quantum Minerals reinstating its Ravensthorpe low-grade nickel-in-laterite mine and HPAL plant in Western Australia in March 2020, which it had placed in care and maintenance in 2017 due to low nickel prices. However, since its restart, the mine has faced two technical issues in temperature adjustment, which led FQM to downgrade its 2020 production guidance by 2,000 mt to 13,000-15,000 mt of nickel.

    Sumitomo Metal Mining suspended the Ambatovy HPAL project in Madagascar in March to prevent the spread of COVID-19, although it said in late 2020 that it expected to resume operations in early 2021, with 3,000 mt of nickel expected to be produced in the first quarter. Roskill analyst Jack Anderson said last November that Roskill expects the commissioning of two other HPAL projects being developed as part of the Indonesia Morowali Industrial Park (IMIP) in Sulawesi to be delayed until 2022, due to tailing disposal method issues.

    There are a few examples of successful HPAL projects currently in operation, namely Sumitomo's Coral Bay and Taganito operations in the Philippines; and Sherritt International and General Nickel Company's Moa joint venture in Cuba. Sumitomo is also planning a third HPAL operation in the Philippines, the Pomalaa project, which is planned to produce 40,000 mt/year of nickel, although the company said in a December 2020 presentation that it was taking some time to obtain the required permits due to the pandemic.

    According to Trytten Consulting president Lyle Trytten, HPAL is complex to employ successfully because it requires "very large processing facilities handling hot corrosive slurries and the challenges of high pressure, multi-phase flow."

    "The combination of high temperatures and pressures, high acid addition, and erosive service require extensive use of exotic materials such as titanium, tantalum, and ceramic linings, with rubber-lining typically used extensively after the high-temperature sections," he added in an article emailed to S&P Global Platts.

    Advantages of HPAL
    Those who overcome these challenges, however, have some important advantages in the path to convert low-grade, Class II nickel into premium material that suits lithium-ion batteries for electronic goods, electric vehicles (EV) and energy storage systems.

    "The technology works well, there are fairly low operating costs, low mining costs, and it provides a good by-product value since it also recovers cobalt (another typical ingredient of batteries), which is not possible with other nickel technologies," said Trytten.

    In addition, the industry doesn't have many options. Low-grade nickel laterite ore accounts for the biggest portion of the world's resources, and a significant portion of the high-grade nickel sulfide assets are already operating. This means that the anticipated boom in high-grade nickel demand for battery applications will require laterite ore to be processed.

    [grafiekje]

    StoneX senior metals analyst, base metals, EMEA & Asia, Natalie Scott-Gray, said in a webinar last October that, of the metals used in the lithium ion battery (LIB) cathode, nickel was expected to undergo the greatest demand across the sector, due to its responsibility for energy density.

    "The end-use consumption of the nickel market is going to drastically change over the next decade with its use in LIB moving from 6% in 2020 up to 35% by 2030," Scott-Gray said.

    She said key drivers would be the increased penetration of electric transport in the market, as well as the requirement to increase the driving range provided by these batteries, by increasing the percentage of nickel used in a single cell.
  17. ubu 23 maart 2021 14:13
    Deel 2

    This was being seen in the changing configuration of lithium nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) oxide batteries, she said, which had moved from a 111 ratio (meaning nickel, manganese and cobalt were used in the same proportion) to 532, and then to the latest 811 (with eight parts nickel to one part of manganese and cobalt each).

    Scott-Gray added that StoneX expects Class I nickel, which is used in LIBs, to enter a tight balance over the 2021-22 period, with a marked deficit expected to occur as early as 2023.

    "The health of the Class I nickel market will be reliant on new production coming online and we rely, therefore, on the success of HPAL projects coming online in Indonesia and Australia over the next few years," she said.

    In Australia, there are a number of nickel HPAL projects in the pipeline, the most advanced being Clean Teq's Sunrise nickel-cobalt-scandium project in New South Wales, where a definitive feasibility study was completed in June 2018.

    Other upcoming projects include MetalsX's Wingellina in Northern Territory, GME Resources' NiWest in Western Austraia (WA), Jervois Mining's Nico Young in New South Wales, Australian Mines' Sconi project in Queensland, Ardea Resources' Goongarrie project in WA and Barra Resources' Mt Thirsty in WA.

    Chinese investments
    China, which has led the EV race until now, is well aware of the likely future battery-grade nickel shortage. Chinese companies have been ahead of the investment in a number of new HPAL facilities that are under construction, especially in Indonesia.

    "Unlike Western [investors], Chinese take a long-term view," said Martin Vydra, head of strategy at Canada-based Conic Metals, which has an 8.5% stake in the Ramu HPAL operation in Papua New Guinea. "The Chinese are able to do it because they have a lot of knowledge to transfer; they are China-backed, so financially they are not concerned," he added.

    However, "even if you have the conditions, it takes at least three years [to start running an HPAL plant after construction starts]. It depends on complicated computer systems, complicated materials … they have unlimited access to capital and technical staff, so they can be successful, but I think these projects will take their time to be built, and you will see some failures too," added Vydra.

    There are several Chinese-backed HPAL projects in Indonesia. Companies now are also looking to process nickel mined in Indonesia domestically after the Energy & Mineral Resources ministry announced in September 2019 that all unprocessed nickel ore exports, including material over 1.7% nickel content, would be banned from the start of 2020 to increase revenue from the processing of ore.

    One is PT Halmahera Persada Lygend's 37,000 mt/year of nickel-in-mixed hydroxide product HPAL plant on the Obi Island, which is a JV between China's Lygend Resources & Technology and Indonesia's Harita Group.

    The nickel smelter is expected to start up in March 2021 after being delayed six months due to pandemic-related travel restrictions. Lygend started construction again in December 2020 after a temporary suspension due to COVID-19, according to a report released by the company. The project officially started construction in March 2020.

    At the end of August 2020, Lygend's subsidy Pt Halamahera Persada Lydend (HPAL) signed a contract with GEM China, a precursor and battery metals producer, to supply between 74,400 mt and 178,560 mt of nickel raw materials and between 9,296 mt and 22,320 mt of cobalt by-products.

    Environmental, financial concerns
    Although China has already picked HPAL as its choice to develop premier nickel supply from low-grade deposits going forward, there are still concerns about the inherent environmental bottlenecks of the technology.

    Most of the existing HPAL facilities are coal-fed, and the process emits up to three times more greenhouse gases than nickel production from high-grade sulfide deposits. This raises concerns that the benefits of increasing nickel supply for "green" purposes such as batteries might not be enough to cover its environmental costs.

    "There's no point chasing nickel units if they generate three or four times more carbon footprint [than currently]," Platts was told by Sam Riggall, CEO of Australia-based Clean Teq, which is developing the Sunrise HPAL project in Australia.

    The company aims to use solar energy instead of coal, recover steam and heat, and generate 60% of the pressure acid leach from its internal acid plant. These would support a $1.8 billion facility that aims to go further than other plants, producing battery-grade nickel sulfate rather than stopping at intermediates such as MHP and mixed sulfide precipitate, as many HPAL facilities do.

    The difficulty is that "there's no investment going to nickel supply, apart from what China is doing in Indonesia," Riggall said.

    "The fundamental math of the market is very scary—you need 60,000-80,000 mt/year every year, for the next 20 years; so if EV manufacturers are going to meet their electrification goals, nickel needs to be developed somewhere," Trytten said, adding he believes both automakers and battery manufacturers will need to invest in nickel production to have this capacity added.

    In December 2020, German chemical company BASF—which produces cathode active materials for batteries—and French miner Eramet announced an agreement to assess the development of an HPAL plant in Weda Bay, Indonesia. Eramet started mining nickel at Weda Bay in 2019.

    Automakers, however, have remained on the sidelines so far. "I had discussions in the past with automakers, they recognize how complicated mining is; but I do see the battery companies getting more involved in the upstream," Vydra said.

    Automakers "are understanding there's a problem, they just don't know how to fix it. They are waiting for the mining industry to solve it," added Riggall.
  18. ubu 29 maart 2021 12:30
    clients3.weblink.com.au/pdf/CLQ/02357...

    MELBOURNE, Australia – In accordance with ASX Listing Rule 15.4, Clean TeQ
    Holdings Limited (‘Clean TeQ or ‘Company’) (ASX: CLQ; OTCQX: CTEQF), to be
    renamed Sunrise Energy Metals Limited, hereby provides a copy of the new
    Constitution adopted by Shareholders at the General Meeting of 24 March 2021.
    The Company will now also proceed with the consolidation of its share capital through
    the conversion of every ten (10) shares into one (1) share in accordance with the
    indicative timetable (subject to change) set out below:
  19. ubu 8 april 2021 21:51
    hotcopper.com.au/threads/general-info...
    www.globalwaterintel.com/global-water...

    Clean TeQ spins off water treatment business

    The Australian company says its loss-making water technologies division could make a splash in global markets with the right organisation.

    The board of ASX-listed Clean TeQ last month confirmed its intention to spin off the group’s water business as a separate listed entity, after making spectacular losses on its battery metals business. The company has a suite of water technologies related to dissolved solids removal as well as related technologies for recovering metals from solutions in its battery metals division.

    The water technologies unit generated A$1.24 million of revenue in the second half of calendar 2020, but the battery metals business is pre-revenue. Worse than that, in the year ending 30 June 2020, the battery metals business incurred an impairment expense of A$179 million relating to the Sunrise mining project it is developing.

    In spite of this, the water division has been gaining traction. This month, the company secured a contract to upgrade its facility treating wastewater at an antimony processing facility in Oman, as well as an A$2 million deal with Beijing Enterprises Water Group in China to supply a water treatment plant to a coal mine in Inner Mongolia.

    The company’s technologies include Continuous Ionic Filtration (which combines ion exchange with filtration), Hirox (high-recovery reverse osmosis), Bioclens for ammonia and nitrate removal (relying on micro-organisms trapped in a lens-shaped porous medium), and Evapx, for evaporation and crystallisation.

    Clean TeQ managing director and CEO Sam Riggall told GWI that the spin-off is necessary to allow each division to demonstrate its own value proposition to the market. “It’s currently quite a complex offering of different businesses in different segments and markets,” he explained. “The split of the water and innovation groups from the battery metals business will allow each of the businesses to have a much clearer focus on its markets, as well as the ability to market its offering to investors with much more clarity.

    “The reality is that the water business has suffered a little from a lack of attention, given the scale of the Sunrise project in our organisation, which soaks up a lot of time and capital. It needs its own independence, where it can focus on its markets and have its own dedicated management structure.”
    Under the demerger proposal, Clean TeQ’s water business and innovation group will together become a separately listed ASX company, trading as Clean TeQ. The remaining battery metals business will change its name to Sunrise Energy Metals.

    Following approval of the move, Clean TeQ shareholders will end up with one share in the new Clean TeQ water business and one share in Sunrise Energy Metals for every share they hold in the existing business. The value of each will be determined by the market at the time of the split.

    The water business generated A$3.8 million of revenue in the financial year ending 30 June 2019, but booked no further revenues until the second half of last year. It has yet to turn a profit, so the goal for the business over the next couple of years is to consolidate and grow on the base of installed projects it has developed in the last 12 months.
    Riggall estimates that over the next few years, the water business could turn over between A$50 and A$100 million.

    The company’s management said a new focus and new access to capital would allow the division to reap the rewards of investment into R&D and business development that had already been made. In January this year, the company completed an A$35 million capital raise, as well as an A$3 million private share placement.

    “As the market becomes more familiar with the technological approach that we’re adopting, and we demonstrate its cost-effectiveness and its efficiency, we think there’s a very large market there for us,” said Riggall.

    Clean TeQ’s water business has been operating for two years. In the last 12 months, it has delivered projects in Africa, Australia, and the Middle East, with the company already looking further afield.
    “In the last 12 months, we have built our Bionex production facility [which manufactures both CIF and Bioclens technology] in China. It will manufacture encapsulated bacteria for a number of the nitrate removal projects we’re focused on in the water space,” said Riggall. The company is shortlisted for Breakthough Water Technology Company of the year in the 2021 Global Water Awards.
    Completion of the share consolidation to change the company’s structure is now expected to take place “on or about 12 April”, the company said.
  20. ubu 8 april 2021 21:56
    globalwaterawards.com/2021-breakthrou...

    Clean TeQ Water

    What is it?
    The water treatment business of a listed Australian technology company with a wide-ranging portfolio of water treatment technologies.

    What has it done?
    Clean TeQ Water had a strong 2020, which saw the delivery of projects with its innovative RO-alternative Desalx continuous ion exchange technology in Australia and Oman. The year was topped off with an A$2m contract win for a municipal project treating bore water in Queensland and an A$35m capital raise for rapid growth as it prepares to spin off its water business.

    What makes it special?
    As miners face increasingly strict water discharge regulations, Clean TeQ Water’s solution offers an alternative to reverse osmosis, alleviating the industry’s growing challenge of managing brine. The firm’s continuous ion exchange plant at the Fosterville Gold Mine in Australia selectively removes contaminants without creating a saline brine, making it a key enabling component of the customer’s water management strategy.

    The global war on nitrate pollution has driven the firm to expertly pair its ion exchange technology with its Bioclens encapsulated bacteria to provide a game-changing solution for municipal wastewater treatment. A successful 100m3/d pilot in Tianjin, China, saw nitrate concentration reduced from 15 mg/L down to 0 mg/L, perfectly positioning Clean TeQ to take advantage of the huge Chinese nitrate removal market, and interest in its application on drinking water from the US is already high.

    By removing suspended solids and scale-forming ions the Desalx technology can turbocharge the performance of RO, reducing system cost, increasing the life of the membranes and crucially, boosting total system recovery, an increasingly key consideration for clients operating in water-stressed areas.
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